Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Streptococcus mutans Strains Isolated from Endodontic Infections

Streptococcus mutans plays an important role in caries etiology and eventually in systemic infections. However, it is often found in infected root canals, but the pathophysiological characteristics of strains residing in this site are largely unknown. Here, we characterized strains of S. mutans isolated from root canals of primary (PI) and secondary/persistent (SI) endodontic infections in relation to serotype and genotype; presence of genes coding for collagen binding proteins (CBPs); collagen binding activity and biofilm formation capacity; ability to withstand environmental stresses; systemic virulence in Galleria mellonella; and invasion of human coronary artery endothelial cells and human dental pupal fibroblasts. Samples from 10 patients with PI and 10 patients with SI were collected, and a total of 14 S. mutans isolates, belonging to 3 genotypes, were obtained. Of these, 13 were serotype c, and 1 was serotype k. When compared with the reference strains, the clinical isolates were hypersensitive to hydrogen peroxide. Remarkably, all 14 strains harbored and expressed the CBP-encoding gene cbm, showing increased binding to collagen, enhanced systemic virulence in G. mellonella, and ability to invade human coronary artery endothelial cells and human dental pupal fibroblasts when compared with CBP-negative strains. Whole genome sequence analysis of PI and SI isolates revealed that these strains are phylogenetically related but genetically distinct from each other. Our findings highlight the importance of CBPs in facilitating colonization and persistence of S. mutans in collagenous substrates such as root canals and their potential role in the pathogenesis of endodontic infections.     

限制液体复苏在创伤失血性休克患者急救中的应用效果

目的观察限制液体复苏在创伤失血性休克患者急救中的应用效果。方法选取福建医科大学附属南平市第一医院收治的76例创伤失血性休克患者作为研究对象,依据入院前后顺序将其分为对照组(n=38)和观察组(n=38),对照组接受积极液体复苏方案,观察组接受限制液体复苏方案,比较两组治愈率、治疗后各指标水平、液体输入量及并发症发生情况。结果观察组治愈率明显高于对照组,液体输入量明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后观察组乳酸、凝血酶原时间、平均动脉压及血红蛋白水平均明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率为15.8%,明显低于对照组的36.8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论限制液体复苏应用在创伤失血性休克患者急救中,可提高患者的治愈率,改善乳酸、凝血酶原时间等指标水平,降低并发症发生率的效果优于积极液体复苏应用效果。     

腹针联合脐疗对黄体功能低下型不孕症患者子宫内膜容受性的影响

目的:探讨腹针联合脐疗对黄体功能低下型不孕症患者子宫内膜容受性的影响,旨在为临床治疗提供有力参考。方法:选择黄体功能低下型不孕症患者140例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组各70例。两组均给予常规黄体酮治疗,在此基础上,对照组给予黄体酮联合腹针治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上联合脐疗治疗。对比治疗前、治疗3个月经周期后两组证候总积分、子宫内膜厚度、子宫内膜血流参数[阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)]、黄体中期激素[雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)]及妊娠率。结果:治疗后,与对照组相比,观察组证候总积分较低,子宫内膜厚度较高,PI、RI指数较低,E2、P水平均较高,妊娠成功率较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:将腹针与脐疗联合用于黄体功能低下型不孕症患者治疗中,能够有效缓解患者临床症状,提高黄体中期雌孕激素水平,改善黄体中期血流灌注,促进子宫内膜增长,从而提高子宫内膜容受性,提高临床妊娠成功率。     

Crystalloids,colloids, blood products and blood substitutes

Understanding the physiology of fluid distribution in the human body is fundamental to good clinical practice in anaesthesia and intensive care. Intravenous fluid therapies have a range of clinical and metabolic consequences, and they should be context and patient specific. Inadequate or excessive fluid treatment is harmful to patients. There are numerous trials, both historical and current, investigating best practice in fluid therapy. New paradigms and guidelines are being published, and it is important for clinicians to keep up to date with current practice. There is also a continued drive to improve the safety of donor blood products and prevent transfusion errors. Knowledge of how blood products are collected, separated, stored and administered is essential to prevent harm to patients through transfusions. The development of blood substitutes is progressing, and multinational trials are ongoing.     

腹腔镜手术应用于子宫内膜癌治疗中的效果观察及安全性评价

目的 探究腹腔镜手术应用于子宫内膜癌治疗中的效果及安全性。方法 本研究中的观察对象均为本院接收的210 例子宫内膜癌患者，上述患者入院时间均在2015 年1 月～2019 年6 月。分析上述患者的病历资料，依据治疗方案分为对照组和观察组，其中对照组105例患者接受传统开腹手术治疗，观察组105例患者给予腹腔镜手术治疗。比较两组患者手术指标、手术效果、复发率、无瘤生存率及并发症发生情况。结果 观察组手术耗时[（208.81±8.36）min]长于对照组，术中出血量[（204.15±20.72）mL]、术后肛门排气时间[（36.41±3.32）d]、导尿管留置时间[（2.03±0.46）d]及住院时间[（9.58±2.76）d]均明显少于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组盆腔淋巴结切除数目[（24.71±1.19）枚]和腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除数目[（4.09±0.96）枚]同对照组[（24.95±1.26）枚、（4.24±1.08）枚]比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；观察组并发症总发生率（1.90%）明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）；两组复发率（1.90% vs 0.00%）、无瘤生存率（96.19% vs 99.05%）比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 腹腔镜手术应用于子宫内膜癌治疗中的效果显著，且术后并发症发生风险较低。     

A modified technique to perform para-aortic lymphadenectomy up to the renal vein

ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and feasibility of our modified technique to perform lymph node excision up to the renal vein in cases of gynecological cancer.Materials and methods87 patients with endometrial or ovarian neoplasms underwent laparoscopic para-aortic lymphadenectomy (LPAL) up to the left renal vein were enrolled prospectively. During surgery, the surgeon was positioned to the right side of the patient and an additional trocar was introduced into the upper right abdomen. The laparoscopic video screen was placed to the side of the patient's head. Three-fan retractor forceps were used to hold up the duodenum and small bowel. The rest of the procedure was the same as conventional LPAL.ResultsThe median operating time for LPAL was 72 min (range: 40–115 min) and the median estimated blood loss was 45 ml (range: 15–1000 mL). There were two cases of intra-operative vascular injury. The median number of retrieved para-aortic lymph nodes (PALNs) was 18 (range: 10–37). Of the 87 patients, 11 patients had positive PALNs. None of the cases required laparotomy.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that our modified LPAL technique is feasible, reproducible, can achieve good exposure and reduces surgical difficulty.     

Burnett Order Stress and Spatially-Dependent Boundary Conditions for the Lattice Boltzmann Method

Stress boundary conditions for the lattice Boltzmann equation that are consistent to Burnett order are proposed and imposed using a moment-based method. The accuracy of the method with complicated spatially-dependent boundary conditions for stress and velocity is investigated using the regularized lid-driven cavity flow. The complete set of boundary conditions, which involve gradients evaluated at the boundaries, are implemented locally. A recently-derived collision operator with modified equilibria and velocity-dependent collision rates to reduce the defect in Galilean invariance is also investigated. Numerical results are in excellent agreement with existing benchmark data and exhibit second-order convergence. The lattice Boltzmann stress field is studied and shown to depart significantly from the Newtonian viscous stress when the ratio of Mach to Reynolds numbers is not negligibly small.     

The key role of macrophage depolarization in the treatment of COPD with ergosterol both in vitro and in vivo

Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the lung, which play an important role in COPD. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation of ergosterol are well documented. However, the effect of ergosterol on macrophage polarization has not been studied. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of ergosterol on macrophage polarization in CSE-induced RAW264.7 cells and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats COPD model. Our results demonstrate that CSE-induced macrophages tend to the M1 polarization via increasing ROS, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as increasing MMP-9 to destroy the lung construction in both RAW264.7 cells and SD rats. However, treatment of RAW264.7 cells and SD rats with ergosterol inhibited CSE-induced inflammatory by decreasing ROS, IL-6 and TNF-α, and increasing IL-10 and TGF-β, shuffling the dynamic polarization of macrophages from M1 to M2 both in vitro and in vivo. Ergosterol also decreased the expression of M1 marker CD40, while increased that of M2 marker CD163. Moreover, ergosterol improved the lung characters in rats by decreasing MMP-9. Furthermore, ergosterol elevated HDAC3 activation and suppressed P300/CBP and PCAF activation as well as acetyl NF-κB/p65 and IKKβ, demonstrating that HDAC3 deacetylation was involved in the effect of ergosterol on macrophage polarization. These results also provide a proof in immunoregulation of ergosterol for therapeutic effects of cultured C. sinensis on COPD patients.